• Plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition of ZnO for photovoltaic TCO application

    In terms of material properties, plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) of ZnO has advantages over sputtering techniques, due to the variety of available precursors, different dopants for achieving certain levels of n-type and, even controversially discussed, p-type transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) on various substrate materials. This paper considers the deposition of boron-doped zinc oxide for n-type TCO-application on substrates of dimensions up to 50×50cm2 and at a temperature range of 50 to 450°C using a PECVD reactor with a plasma frequency of 13.56MHz. The materials’ characteristics such as transparency, carrier concentration and structural properties are discussed as a function of the deposition parameters. The deposition temperature strongly affects the crystallographic and morphological appearance of the deposited thin films, which was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The electronic band structure-dependent characteristics were studied using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and Hall measurements. Second ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements complete the characterization methods for qualitatively verifying the incorporation of dopants and impurities. Results are reported for columnar-grown boron-doped ZnO with optical transparency greater than 80% in the visible range and a maximum carrier concentration of 1020cm-3.

  • Critical subsystems for thin-film PV manufacturing equipment

    Sales of critical subsystems used in thin-film PV manufacturing equipment are expected to reach $325M in 2011, and the outlook is for this figure to grow by 4% in 2012 to $335M. This expectation is going against the trend for the industry as a whole, which is predicted to decline next year as revenues from cell and module manufacturing weaken. The reason for this countermovement is the opportunities available to manufacturers who are willing to invest in the latest thin-film PV equipment to drive down costs and force unprofitable competitors out of business. While the same opportunities exist for crystalline silicon manufacturing, the number of well-resourced companies signalling their intention to invest in thin-film technologies should ensure a positive year for suppliers of equipment and critical subsystems to this segment of the industry.

  • Structure and stability of a-Si/µc-Si tandem solar cells deposited on LPCVD-grown ZnO:B and sputtere

  • Reactive magnetron sputtering of ZnO:Al

  • Polarized light metrology for thin-film photovoltaics: Manufacturing-scale processes

  • Industry–academia partnership helps drive commercialization of new thinfilm silicon technology

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Publications

  • Photovoltaics International 14th Edition

    Photovoltaics International 14th Edition

    Published in November 2011, the 14th edition of Photovoltaics International provides a variety of technical papers from some of the industry’s stalwarts. Features include: TÜV Rheinland on junction box testing; Laser Zentrum Hannover on laser edge isolation of mc-Si cells; Calisolar on the importance of traceability; Fraunhofer ISE on EWT cells; and EPIA on Europe’s LCOE.

  • Photovoltaics International Lite, Volume 05 - 2011

    Photovoltaics International Lite, Volume 05 - 2011

    This digital interactive Lite sees Tom Cheyney follow Agua Caliente’s progress on becoming one of first truly utility-scale PV power farms, where 40–50MW (AC) will be commissioned by the end of the year. We also feature one of the world’s largest silicon thin-film PV power plants, Avenal; a report on warnings of the collapse of module prices from Solarbuzz and PI-Berlin presents tips on PV module testing. A print version of this edition will be distributed at Solar Power International 2011 in Dallas, Texas.

  • Manufacturing The Solar Future: The 2011 Production Annual

    Manufacturing The Solar Future: The 2011 Production Annual

    Manufacturing the Solar Future is the primary source guide for detailed information on the PV production process. This annual provides technical details on how the leading companies and research organizations worldwide are addressing this need by dramatically improving their manufacturing processes.

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