Photovoltaics International Papers

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Photovoltaics International Papers, Thin Film
In this paper we discuss recent advances in the field, with a focus on potential device designs and manufacturing processes.
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Photovoltaics International Papers, PV Modules
Technological improvements contribute to enhancing the already high attractiveness of SHJ shingle technology, and to close the gap with industrial, economic and sustainability requirements usually considered for large-scale deployment of such panels.
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Photovoltaics International Papers, Materials
Our EpiNex™ wafers enable higher efficiencies, lower costs and reduced carbon emissions in wafer manufacturing by more than 70% when compared with the conventional Czochralski process in regions that rely on coal-based electricity. NexWafe’s innovative and unique technology creates the opportunity to profitably manufacture ultra-low-carbon green solar wafers.
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Photovoltaics International Papers, Cell Processing
We develop a novel manufacturing process sequence for polysilicon on oxide (POLO) IBC solar cells by applying a local PECVD SiOxNy/na- Si deposition through a glass shadow mask to form the structured carrier-selective n-poly-Si emitter in a single process step.
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Photovoltaics International Papers, Cell Processing
In this paper, three generations of silicon heterojunction (HJT) solar cell technical routes in China are reviewed. We define the structure of HJT cells with an amorphous silicon thin film on two surfaces of a monocrystalline-silicon (c-Si) wafer as HJT 1.0, which is the first generation of HJT.
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Photovoltaics International Papers, Cell Processing
This paper reviews the idea and methodologies of the passivation-liquid-based compensating technology for the separation loss of silicon cells, which provides future perspective for the photovoltaic industry and potentially helps to promote industry upgrades.
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Photovoltaics International Papers, Thin Film
Two-terminal tandem solar cells based on perovskite/silicon (PK/ Si) technology represent one of the most exciting pathways towards pushing solar cell efficiencies beyond the thermodynamic limit of single-junction crystalline silicon devices. While laboratory efficiencies of these tandem cells have risen to very impressive levels, many important innovations towards enabling their eventual manufacturability have also been made in this rapidly evolving field. In this paper, a number of these processing innovations are highlighted in order to give a more complete view as to the viability of scaling up the processing of these devices. Specifically, the focus is placed on how today’s crystalline silicon process flows could be adapted in order to allow existing cell lines to produce PK/Si cells.
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Photovoltaics International Papers, PV Modules
This paper presents a way to evaluate production windows and related field issues using an adapted failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) approach. Since PV modules are the most important component in terms of longevity and warranties, the focus of Fraunhofer’s work has been on module manufacturing. The process, however, can also be applied to cell manufacturing and other steps in the value chain.
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Photovoltaics International Papers, PV Modules
Low-temperature interconnection processes for high-efficiency PV cells will be a key R&D topic in the coming years. In reality, to avoid significant deterioration of the surface passivation, the metallization and interconnection processes of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells are limited to temperatures below 200°C; tandem cells with a perovskite subcell demand an even greater reduction in process temperature, namely below 130°C. Moreover, to ensure the sustainability of PV production on a TW scale, the use of scarce materials, especially silver, needs to be reduced, as 10% of the world’s supply was already dedicated to PV in 2020. This paper addresses the results obtained in terms of reducing the silver consumption in interconnection technology based on electrical conductive adhesive (ECA) and Pb-free ribbons.
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PV Modules, Photovoltaics International Papers
After several years of technological developments, measurement and quality standard specifications, and bifaciality implementations in energy yield simulation programs, bifacial PV has become reliable and will shortly become accepted as a valuable commodity. Since 2020, bifacial passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) technology has been king of the energy markets, and, in combination with simple tracking systems (e.g. horizontal single-axis tracking – HSAT), the lowest electricity costs have been achieved. Because PERC is reaching its limit in terms of efficiency, and n-type technology is gaining momentum, in the future n-type PV (nPV) will replace PERC technology as the workhorse of the PV electricity market. This paper describes why, and most likely when, this will happen and which n-type technologies will be leading the pack in the race to bring electricity costs well below €0.01/kWh.

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