The challenge of measuring busbarless solar cells and the impact on cell-to-module losses

By Michael Rauer, Alexander Krieg, Andrea Pfreundt, Max Mittag & Sebastian Pingel, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Freiburg, Germany

The realistic measurement of solar cells is key for the whole PV industry, as accurate information about cell power is one of the most important aspects in solar cell purchase and PV module design.