The quest to find the ideal balance between efficiency and cost optimization is never ending in the photovoltaics industry. N-type cells, well known for their high efficiency, have started to come to the fore, with the industry placing a major bet on the technology. According to the Institute for Solar Energy Research in Hamelin (ISFH), the maximum theoretically possible efficiency for PERC, HJT and TOPCon cells is 24.5%, 27.5% and 28.7% respectively.