Originally established in 2018 by Tesla, the project received support from the South Australian government and the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA).

ARENA contributed AU$8.2 million (US$5.93 million) to the total AU$60.6 million cost of rolling out the SAVPP, while Tesla contributed AU$18 million of equity. The Clean Energy Finance Corporation provided AU$30 million in debt funding, and the SAVPP also received support via South Australia’s Grid Scale Storage Fund.

Through the initiative, Tesla offered a system that included 5kW of solar PV and a 13.5kWh residential battery energy storage system (BESS) at no upfront cost to households.

Initially, Tesla envisioned the VPP to include 50,000 homes by 2022, with 3,000 of these to be social housing. However, to date, the SAVPP features approximately 7,000 Powerwall home BESS and a number of systems from third-party vendors, including sonnen.

In 2020, a report released by the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) regarding the first six months of operation at the SAVPP found that home BESS generated significant revenue and contributed to grid stability. They achieved this by responding to events that cause frequency deviations and energy pricing signals.

An example of this occurred in January 2020 when, after a freak storm literally flattened transmission towers, the SAVPP earned more than a million dollars in under two weeks.

AGL confirmed it intends to install additional home battery storage systems this year and plans to build the country’s largest social and community housing VPP.

Expanding Virtual Power Plant benefits across Australia

AGL chief customer officer Jo Egan emphasised the potential of the SAVPP model to benefit more communities in South Australia and beyond.

“This innovative model of a virtual power plant means we can extend the benefits of the energy transition to more customers, in a really smart and simple way,” Egan said.

“We know that upfront costs of installing solar and batteries can be a significant barrier for many, and we are focused on how we can make these more accessible.”

As part of its commitment to renewable energy, AGL has launched the AGL Community Power programme. This initiative is designed to share the benefits of the energy transition with individuals who face barriers to purchasing residential solar PV and battery storage or home ownership.

The programme specifically targets social and community housing residents in South Australia and other regions.

Virtual Power Plants operating in the NEM

A VPP is a network of decentralised energy resources, such as solar PV, BESS, and demand-response systems, interconnected and managed through advanced software.

Unlike a traditional power plant, which generates electricity from a single, centralised location, a VPP aggregates multiple distributed energy resources (DERs) to function as a unified entity. This allows the VPP to participate in energy markets, provide grid stability, and optimise energy generation and consumption.

Earlier this year, the Australian Energy Market Commission (AEMC) released a final determination enabling VPPs to compete directly with large-scale generators.

This decision supports the inclusion of consumer energy resources (CERs), such as rooftop solar PV, in the National Electricity Market (NEM).

The AEMC has previously highlighted the opportunities VPPs and CERs present for consumers, retailers, and the broader electricity system.

Research indicates that incorporating CERs into the energy market could save approximately AUS$834 million between 2027 and 2050, while also encouraging the adoption of small-scale solar PV installations.

As Australia transitions away from coal, which is set to be fully withdrawn by 2038, VPPs are set to play a critical role in ensuring grid stability. By integrating small-scale rooftop solar PV and battery storage, VPPs can support the country’s renewable energy goals while delivering cost savings and environmental benefits.