Researchers tackle TOPCon ‘efficiency-cost-bifaciliaty trilemma’

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The NIMTE researchers said balancing further efficiency gains, bifaciliality levels and manufacturing costs in TOPCon was a ‘significant challenge’. Image: NIMTE.

Chinese researchers have developed a new process they claim boosts the efficiency and bifacial performance of tunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) solar cells while reducing silver consumption.

TOPCon cell technology has established a dominant market position in recent years, but the team from the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences identified a “significant challenge” in balancing efficiency, manufacturing cost and bifacial energy yield in the technology.

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“Overcoming this efficiency-cost-bifaciality trilemma is crucial for enhancing the competitiveness and accelerating the deployment of TOPCon technology,” they said.

The team, led by NIMTE’s Professor Ye Jichun, developed a process that integrates a precision steel-stencil printing technology and a local polysilicon contact design to achieve a certified efficiency of 26.09% on industrial-grade M10 silicon wafers.

Additionally, the researchers noted that the transition from conventional screen printing to steel-stencil printing enabled the use of narrow fingers, resulting in “substantial” savings in silver consumption. Reducing silver in PV cells is seen as a key area for future cost savings.

Meanwhile, they said the laser-patterned localised polysilicon contact design improved cell bifaciliatiy by optimising the trade-off between carrier transport and parasitic absorption. A bifaciliaty level of ~90% was reported, a level they said was “beneficial for practical energy yield”.

Concluding, the researchers noted: “By demonstrating a viable path to simultaneously enhance efficiency, lower silver consumption, and unlock bifacial gains, this work provides a scalable blueprint for photovoltaic manufacturing, strengthening the position of TOPCon technology for terawatt-scale sustainable energy deployment.”

The process is presented in a paper published in the journal Joule.

13 October 2026
San Francisco Bay Area, USA
PV Tech has been running an annual PV CellTech Conference since 2016. PV CellTech USA, on 13-14 October 2026 is our fourth PV CellTech conference dedicated to solar manufacturing in the USA. From polysilicon, wafers, ingots, cells and modules, to critical component suppliers including glass and frames, the event connects every stage of the value chain under one roof. PV CellTech USA also brings together investors, innovators, manufacturers and industry stakeholders to collaborate and strengthen domestic solar manufacturing across the United States.

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