US ITC to investigate Trinasolar TOPCon patent cases amid uncertain US future

Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Reddit
Email
A Trina Solar manufacturing plant.
Trinasolar US president, Steven Zhu, said its “commitment to protecting our intellectual property remains firm.” Image: Trina Solar.

The US International Trade Commission (ITC) will investigate patent infringement allegations filed by Trinasolar US against fellow solar manufacturers Runergy and Adani Solar over solar cell technology.

The US arm of Chinese solar manufacturing giant Trinasolar filed the patent infringement complaint last month regarding tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells and the processes used to manufacture them. The ITC has now confirmed that it has opened an investigation into the alegations.

This article requires Premium SubscriptionBasic (FREE) Subscription

Unlock unlimited access for 12 whole months of distinctive global analysis

Photovoltaics International is now included.

Not ready to commit yet?
  • Regular insight and analysis of the industry’s biggest developments
  • In-depth interviews with the industry’s leading figures
  • Unlimited digital access to the PV Tech Power journal catalogue
  • Unlimited digital access to the Photovoltaics International journal catalogue
  • Access to more than 1,000 technical papers
  • Discounts on Solar Media’s portfolio of events, in-person and virtual

Or continue reading this article for free

According to the ITC’s notice of investigation, the complaint seeks to bar the import and further US sales and marketing of TOPCon cells and modules containing TOPCon cells, which allegedly infringe Trinasolar’s patents for manufacturing processes.

The complaints were filed on behalf of Trina Solar’s Chinese business, its US headquarters in Fremont, California and its Wilmer, Texas manufacturing unit.

Since filing the complaints, Trinasolar has announced the sale of its Texas solar module manufacturing facility to Norwegian battery manufacturer Freyr Battery. The sale was announced on the same day as Donald Trump’s presidential election victory, which raises the spectre of greater tariffs and trade sanctions on Chinese businesses operating in or shipping to the US.

The week after Trina filed the complaints, Runergy petitioned the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) to cancel them. It claimed that: “The two challenged patents did not result from Trinasolar’s own work but were only purchased by Trina Solar from others in February 2024” and are therefore “unpatentable”.

Trinasolar US president, Steven Zhu, said the company’s “commitment to protecting our intellectual property remains firm.”

Trade and patent disputes intensify

Chinese-owned solar companies shipping to or operating in the US stand on uncertain ground at the moment. Under a second Trump presidency, imports to the US for all solar companies will likely become more challenging, though Chinese firms stand to be hit hardest. Whilst almost no solar products come directly from China to the US, the US government has already shown its willingness to extend trade defences beyond Chinese borders in pursuit of Chinese companies.

US senators have also attempted to exclude Chinese solar manufacturers and other “foreign entities of concern” from the IRA’s 45X advanced manufacturing tax credit, which has proved instrumental in expanding the country’s domestic module manufacturing capacity. President-elect Trump is not unlikely to impose this change.

In its sale of the 5GW Texas module production facility to Freyr Battery, Trinasolar acquired 9.9% of Freyr’s outstanding common stock; if “certain conditions” are met, it will acquire a further 11.5%. The modules sold from the facility will also continue to bear Trinasolar branding, and the two companies said they will form a “cooperation plan” for the long term.

Freyr, a Norwegian company, is listed on the New York stock exchange.

Concurrently, patent infringement disputes over TOPCon technology have become commonplace in the industry over the last year. Manufacturers are increasingly wielding lawsuits against one another as TOPCon technology becomes more widespread and, crucially, the sector faces intense price competition and oversupply.

Trinasolar itself has a separate US patent infringement case open against rival Canadian Solar for TOPCon module technology.

More unusually, cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film module producer First Solar opened a series of TOPCon patent infringement investigations against major Chinese rivals in the US, including Trinasolar, earlier this month. First Solar does not produce TOPCon technology, though its CdTe products are a major technological rival to silicon products in the US.

7 October 2025
San Francisco Bay Area, USA
PV Tech has been running an annual PV CellTech Conference since 2016. PV CellTech USA, on 7-8 October 2025 is our third PV CellTech conference dedicated to the U.S. manufacturing sector. The events in 2023 and 2024 were a sell out success and 2025 will once again gather the key stakeholders from PV manufacturing, equipment/materials, policy-making and strategy, capital equipment investment and all interested downstream channels and third-party entities. The goal is simple: to map out PV manufacturing in the U.S. out to 2030 and beyond.
21 October 2025
New York, USA
Returning for its 12th edition, Solar and Storage Finance USA Summit remains the annual event where decision-makers at the forefront of solar and storage projects across the United States and capital converge. Featuring the most active solar and storage transactors, join us for a packed two-days of deal-making, learning and networking.
16 June 2026
Napa, USA
PV Tech has been running PV ModuleTech Conferences since 2017. PV ModuleTech USA, on 16-17 June 2026, will be our fifth PV ModulelTech conference dedicated to the U.S. utility scale solar sector. The event will gather the key stakeholders from solar developers, solar asset owners and investors, PV manufacturing, policy-making and and all interested downstream channels and third-party entities. The goal is simple: to map out the PV module supply channels to the U.S. out to 2027 and beyond.

Read Next

Premium
August 22, 2025
Indian PV manufacturers are facing double hit from US trade tariffs and anti-dumping measures on products sold in America.
August 22, 2025
AEMO has predicted the NEM will see a steady rise in renewable energy generation capacity, reaching 229TWh by 2035.
August 21, 2025
JA Solar's CTO, Zi Ouyang, discusses the company's latest module technologies and why the future is tandem.
August 21, 2025
Canadian Solar shipped 7.9GW of modules in the second quarter of this year, a 14% quarter-on-quarter increase.
August 21, 2025
The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) has forecast that the US will add 33.3GW of utility-scale solar PV in 2025.
August 21, 2025
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), through its renewable energy arm NTPC Green Energy, has commissioned 212.5MW of solar capacity at its 1.25GW Khavda-I project. 

Subscribe to Newsletter

Upcoming Events

Solar Media Events
September 16, 2025
Athens, Greece
Solar Media Events
September 30, 2025
Seattle, USA
Solar Media Events
October 1, 2025
London, UK
Solar Media Events
October 2, 2025
London,UK
Solar Media Events
October 7, 2025
Manila, Philippines